This simulation demonstrates how the Network Allocation Vector (NAV) works in wireless networks using RTS/CTS mechanism.
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Network Allocation Vector (NAV) Explanation
The NAV is a virtual carrier-sensing mechanism used in wireless networks to minimize collisions. Here's how it works:
RTS (Request to Send): The source station (A) sends an RTS frame after waiting for a DIFS period, indicating it wants to send data to a specific destination (B).
CTS (Clear to Send): The destination (B) responds with a CTS after a SIFS period, granting permission to the source.
NAV Setting: Other stations (C, D) that receive the RTS and/or CTS frames set their NAV timers based on the duration field in these frames, which indicates how long the medium will be busy.
Data Transmission: The source (A) sends its data to the destination (B) after a SIFS period.
ACK: The destination (B) acknowledges receipt with an ACK frame after another SIFS period.
NAV Timer: During this entire exchange, other stations (C, D) must wait until their NAV timers expire before attempting to access the medium, even if they detect no physical carrier.
This mechanism helps prevent the "hidden node problem" where stations that cannot detect each other's transmissions might cause collisions at a common receiver.